Journal article
Placing the AD 2014–2016 ‘protracted’ El Niño episode into a long-term context
RJ Allan, J Gergis, RD D’Arrigo
Holocene | SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD | Published : 2020
Abstract
Although extended or ‘protracted’ El Niño and La Niña episodes were first suggested nearly 20 years ago, they have not received the attention of other ‘flavours’ of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or low-frequency ‘ENSO-like’ phenomena. In this study, instrumental variables and palaeoclimatic reconstructions are used to investigate the most recent ‘protracted’ El Niño episode in 2014–2016, and place it into a longer historical context. Although just reaching the threshold for such an episode, the 2014–2016 ‘protracted’ El Niño had very severe societal, agricultural, environmental and ecological impacts, particularly in western Pacific regions like eastern Australia. We show that alth..
View full abstractRelated Projects (2)
Grants
Awarded by National Science Foundation
Funding Acknowledgements
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: This work is part of the Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) initiative, and R.J.A. is supported by funding from the Joint BEIS/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). He also acknowledges the University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia, and the Centre for Maritime Historical Studies, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, where he is an Adjunct and Honorary Professor, respectively. J.G. acknowledges funding from Australian Research Council Project (DE130100668) and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes (CE170100023). R.D.D. is funded through NSF PIRE 1743738, PIRE: Climate Research and Education in the Americas using Tree-Ring/Speleothem Examples (PIRE-CREATE).